Getters and setters
<Long tedious background explanation of getters & setters goes here>
Getters are also known as accessors. Setters are also known as mutators.
Rule for good design, version 1:
- Whenever you declare a field, foo, make it private.
- Add a public getter called getFoo(), or isFoo() for booleans.
- Make the return type of the getter the same as the field.
- Add a public setter called setFoo() & pass a parameter of foo's type.
- Inside the object, access the field directly.
- Elsewhere, use the getters & setters.
Simple.
Except we just killed Encapsulation.
Rule for good design, version 2:
- As above, but only add the getters &/or setters as necessary.
If the type or name of foo changes, should we change the methods too?
If we do, are we Information hiding?
Some gurus go further, suggesting that we should always call getters & setters, even from inside the object containing the field. The only methods allowed to touch the field directly are its getter & setter.
Rule for good design, version 3:
- As above, but always use the getters & setters.
This idea is explained by Ken Auer 1995. But first, it helps to realise there is more than one Encapsulation boundary behind which we might hide fields.
See Also
Keep related data and behavior in one place
Riel's heuristics 9.2 Do not change the state of an object without going through its public interface.
